Potentiometric titration principle pdf

Titration of HCl with NaOH is an example in which a pH indicator Generally phenolphthalein is used to produce color by which the equivalence point or endpoint of the reaction determines. It is a type of titration it includes the use of a redox indicator or potentiometer.

It works based on an oxidation-reduction reaction between the titrant and the compound. Iodometry, permanganometry, bromatometry, cerimetry, and dichrometry are some of the most used redox titrations.

A platinum or calomel electrode is also used in redox titration using a potentiometer. In this type of potentiometric titration, membrane electrodes are used to determine the concentration of metal ions in the compound sample. In the reaction of this method, a metal indicator complex is formed when the metal ion reacts with the indicator. Complexometric titration consists of replacement titration, back titration, direct titration, and indirect titration.

It is a titration method that involves the formation of precipitates throughout the process of titration. The titrant reacts with the solute to form an insoluble substance, and the titration is carried until the last drop of the solute has been consumed. Potentiometric titration is used in environmental analysis. It is used in different industries such as pharmaceutical, food, and detergent, etc.

To detect different elements in soils, fertilizers, etc. It is used to determine the equivalence point of an acid-base solution. It is broadly used for the assay of several official compounds. It is used in clinical chemistry for the analysis of metals It is used in environmental chemistry for the analysis of water and wastewater. Commonly asked questions on potentiometric titration are as follows. Potentiometry is important for determining a sample solution's electromotive force or potential.

The ion concentration is directly proportional to the potential. A mercurous sulfate electrode can be used in halide determination. The indicators are used in titration for the detection of endpoints of reactions. The color of an indicator changes when the acidity or oxidizing power of a solution reaches a critical range of values.

Principle and types of complexometric titration. Advantages and disadvantages of complexometric titration. Complexometric titration procedure. Acid-base titration: Principle, Types, Applications and Procedure. Advantages and disadvantages of acid-base titration. What are the applications of titration? Principle and types of redox titration. Principle and types of precipitation titration. The endpoint is determined by the indicator method.

If not, then a titration curve is drawn. From this titration curve, a graph is plotted to determine the endpoint. There are three types of titration curves.

In the potentiometric titrations, the rate of change in potential is maximal at the endpoint. This can be determined by three kinds of curves like. Acid-base titrations: This potentiometric titration can be used for both aqueous and nonaqueous titrations. The indicator electrode would be a glass electrode and a reference electrode can be a Saturated calomel electrode. This potentiometric titration can analyze all types of acid-base titration. Further, the mixture of acids, polybasic acids can also be analyzed.

Redox titrations: The redox titrations are done by using platinum foil as an indicator electrode and Sat. Calomel electrode or silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode. The endpoint is denoted by mV. Here E 0 is standard potential, n is the number of electrons involved in the reaction, cons.

Examples: Ferrous ammonium sulfate in dilute. Sulfuric acid against either potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate. Sodium arsenite against Potassium bromide etc. Diazotization titration. Herecompounds containing amino groups can be titrated against Sodium nitrite.

This is done to identify the aromatic primary amino group in an acidic medium.